Significant Disproportionality Process (CCEIS)
Significant Disproportionality Process (CCEIS)
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA 2004) requires all states and Local Educational Agencies (LEAs) to address disproportionality, which is defined as the over- or under-representation of a particular racial or ethnic group in one of four areas. A district is designated as "Significantly Disproportionate" when it is disproportionate for three consecutive years for any group in any of four areas: Special Education in general; Special Education within a specific disability category; Disciplinary action assigned to students with disabilities; or Placement of students with disabilities in more restrictive environments.
There are currently 76 school districts in significant disproportionality in diverse categories in the state of California.
CVUSD is in significant disproportionality due to 3 years of over-qualifying Black/African American students for Special Education under the disability of Other Health Impairment.
The California Department of Education (CDE), as part of its Compliance Improvement Monitoring (CIM) process, requires districts to address disproportionality/over-representation through a comprehensive CIM for Significant Disproportionality Plan.
CVUSD conducted a comprehensive analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data that revealed four central root causes contributing to the disproportionality. These findings centered on a lack of consistency in the following 4 areas:
- Implementation of the Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS)
- Integration of culturally responsive instruction and practices at a deeper level
- Establishing clear expectations for building effective two-way partnerships with parents, students, and the community
- Providing alternatives to suspension
Who This Affects
CV Scholars: Our Focal Students
We've identified 63 students (grades 1-12) who will receive intensive, coordinated support:
- 54% are Black/African American students (34 students) - because they're the group being over-identified for Special Ed
- 46% are Hispanic/Latino students (29 students) - because district data shows they face similar inequities in discipline and achievement
These students were chosen because they have at least one of these challenges:
- Not meeting grade-level standards in reading or math
- Missing 10% or more of school days
- One or more suspensions
Important: While we're focusing intensive resources on these 63 students, the system changes will benefit ALL students in CVUSD. When we fix systems to work for the most underserved students, everyone benefits.
Which Schools
Four schools are part of this focused effort:
- Castro Valley Elementary
- Canyon Middle School
- Creekside Middle School
- Castro Valley High School
These schools were selected because they have higher numbers of Black/African American students and have had higher Special Education referral rates.
The Investment We're Making
By September 2027, if this plan works, here's what will be different:
Academic Achievement
35% of CV Scholars will be meeting ELA standards (up from 25%)
20% of CV Scholars will be meeting Math standards (up from 10%)
Student Belonging
5% increase in students reporting they feel connected to school, have caring adults, and feel engaged in learning
Family Partnership
50% or more of Black/African American families will report feeling welcomed, heard, and in true partnership with schools
Discipline Equity
5% reduction in suspensions of focal students, with more students staying in class and learning
The Ultimate Goal
Black/African American students will be identified for Special Education at rates proportional to their enrollment, and only when they truly need specialized services—not because our general education systems failed to support them effectively.
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We're hiring a full-time Teacher on Special Assignment whose entire job is coordinating support for our CV Scholars. This person will:
- Track each student's progress across all schools
- Coordinate with teachers, counselors, and families
- Ensure interventions are implemented with fidelity
- Provide case management and ongoing check-ins
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Every teacher and administrator will receive training in:
- MTSS frameworks and intervention strategies
- Culturally responsive teaching practices
- Anti-bias and anti-racist education
- Restorative justice and discipline alternatives
- Effective family communication and partnership
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- MTSS handbook (codified practices district-wide)
- Discipline matrix (standardized, bias-resistant responses)
- Pre-referral intervention toolkit
- Equity walkthrough observation tool
- Family communication tracking system
- Progress monitoring dashboards
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This work is funded through a blend of:
- SigDis CIM Plan funding (Significant Disproportionality state grant)
- LCFF (Local Control Funding Formula)
- EEBG (Educator Effectiveness Block Grant)
What's Going to Change
We have a systemic problem, not a student problem. Our Black/African American students make up only 4.3% of our enrollment, but they account for 16% of suspensions. When students are struggling academically or behaviorally, they're being referred to Special Education too quickly, without getting the right supports first. This suggests our regular education systems aren't working equitably for all students.
The Real Issues We're Addressing:
- Inconsistent support systems: Not all schools offer the same interventions before referring students to Special Ed
- Cultural responsiveness gaps: Our teaching practices don't always reflect or honor the cultural backgrounds of all students
- Broken family trust: Parents—especially Black/African American families—report that working with schools feels like "a battle" instead of a partnership
- Over-reliance on punishment: We're suspending students instead of teaching better behavior, causing them to miss valuable learning time
This plan represents a complete overhaul of how we identify, support, and partner with students and families. Here's what's different:
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For the first time, CVUSD will have a standardized Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) that works the same way at every school. This means:
Every student will have access to:
- Research-based interventions before being considered for Special Education
- Regular progress monitoring to see if interventions are working
- A documented system that tracks what supports have been tried and how students responded
- Clear criteria for when additional support is needed
What this prevents: Students being labeled with disabilities they don't have, simply because they weren't given the right academic or behavioral support first.
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We heard clearly from Black/African American families that the current system doesn't work for them. They feel shut out, not listened to, and sometimes actively avoided. This plan changes that:
- Every teacher will be required to make at least 3 positive contacts per year with families of our 63 focal students ("CV Scholars")
- Families will choose how they want to be contacted (phone, text, email, in-person)
- We'll host parent education sessions that actually help families navigate our systems
- We're creating family-building events that celebrate cultural wealth instead of just talking about problems
- Parents will have input on what motivates and supports their students at home
The goal: Move from families feeling like they have to "battle" the school to families feeling like genuine partners in their child's education.
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We're investing heavily in culturally responsive teaching practices. This isn't a checkbox—it's about ensuring our staff can:
- Recognize their own unconscious biases and how those affect discipline and instruction
- Build authentic relationships with students from different cultural backgrounds
- Use teaching methods that connect to students' lived experiences
- Create classrooms where every student feels they belong and are expected to succeed
Why this matters: When students feel seen, valued, and connected to their teachers and school, behavioral issues decrease and academic engagement increases. Many referrals to Special Ed happen not because of a disability, but because of cultural misunderstandings or low expectations.
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Right now, when students misbehave, we suspend them. This means they miss instruction, fall further behind, and are more likely to be referred to Special Ed. Our new approach:
Restorative Justice & Alternative Discipline
- A district-wide discipline matrix that removes subjective decision-making (reduces bias)
- Restorative practices that help students repair harm and learn from mistakes
- A toolkit of interventions teachers can use before sending students to the office
- Training for all staff on alternatives to suspension
Target: Reduce suspensions of our focal students by 5% while actually improving school climate and safety.
Timeline: When Things Happen
Now through May 2026: Planning & Development
Create the MTSS handbook, develop surveys, design the discipline matrix, hire the SigDis TOSA, establish all new systems and tools
Summer 2026: Leadership Preparation
Train all site administrators, onboard the TOSA, finalize all materials, set up communication systems
Fall 2026: Staff Training
All teachers receive training on MTSS, culturally responsive practices, new discipline approaches, and family communication protocols
2026-2027 School Year: Full Implementation
All systems go live. Quarterly data monitoring. Ongoing coaching and support. Family engagement events. Regular progress updates.
September 2027: Evaluation
Measure outcomes against all goals. Adjust strategies based on what's working. Determine next steps for sustainability.
Questions You May Have
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No. We're actually raising expectations by ensuring all students get the support they need to meet high standards. We're removing barriers, not lowering bars.
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They'll still get it—and faster. By providing better interventions first, we'll more accurately identify who truly needs specialized services. Students with genuine disabilities will be identified more quickly because we'll have clear data showing what's been tried and what hasn't worked.
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Because the data shows they've been most harmed by our current systems. When systems work for the students who've been most marginalized, they work better for everyone. We're also including Hispanic/Latino students in our focal group because they face similar inequities.
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No. This is primarily about changing how we do things, not just adding resources. The system changes benefit all students. The focused support for 63 students is funded through specific state grants designed for this purpose.
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We're following research-based practices that have worked in other districts facing similar challenges. But we're also building in accountability measures so we can adjust if something isn't working. This is a learning process.
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